Laparoscopy is an outpatient surgical procedure usually performed under general anesthesia. The procedure consists of inserting a camera like instrument through a small incision at the belly button (umbilicus) into the abdomen. Carbon dioxide is used to inflate the abdomen pushing the abdominal organs and bowel aside to allow full visualization of the pelvic organs. Small incisions are made along the lower abdomen where graspers and other fine instruments may be inserted to visualize the entire pelvic (or abdominal) cavity for diagnostic purposes.
The fallopian tubes may be inspected and dye passed through the cervix and uterus to evaluate tubal function and patency. Evidence of tubal disease, and blockage, endometriosis, pelvic adhesions and ovarian cysts are a few of the fertility related diagnoses that can be made and, under most circumstances, repaired. Photo-documentation allows for a permanent record of the findings and procedures for the patients edification and the possibility of additional consultation. At the end of the procedure, the carbon dioxide is released, deflating the abdomen, and the incisions are closed. Recovery time is usually around one hour in the recovery room and patients are discharged once they are able to urinate, tolerate fluid intake, and walk with assistance.